等静压技术在材料加工领域的应用现状

主要阐述了等静压技术在金属、金属基复合材料、无机非金属材料以及聚合物材料等领域的应用现状,分析了等静压技术与3D打印复合成型技术的发展趋势,介绍了国内外等静压仿真模拟技术的研究进展,并对等静压技术的发展趋势提出展望。     

Evolution mechanism of lamellar α and interlayered β during hot compression of TC21 titanium alloy with a widmanstätten structure

TC21 titanium alloy, as an important metal to fabricate the aircraft structural components, has attracted great attentions recently. A TC21 titanium alloy with widmanstätten structure was isothermally compressed. Based on the microstructure observation, the evolution of initial β grain, Grain Boundary α phase (α_GB), lamellar α and interlayered β was systematically investigated. The results showed that, with the increasing of height reduction, the α_GB underwent an evolution process from bending/kinking to breaking inducing the corresponding blurring of initial coarse β grain outline. Meanwhile, a significant phase transformation from α to β took place at the terminations of broken α_GB. The evolution of lamellar α and interlayered β in the colony was closely related to their deformation compatibility. In the α colony, the interlayered β experienced a larger deformation amount than lamellar α. The higher distortion energy promoted the occurrence of Dynamic Recovery (DRV) and Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) to generate many Low Angle Boundaries (LABs) and High Angle Boundaries (HABs) in interlayered β, which induced an apparent grain refinement of β phase. On the contrary, the lower distortion energy and low deformation temperature suppressed the occurrence of DRV/DRX and restrained the globularization of lamellar α. Furthermore, the microstructure observation clearly revealed that the shearing separation mechanism dominated the evolution of the α phase from lamellar to short bar-like morphology.     

复杂钛合金进气道热等静压近净成形技术研究

作为冲压发动机的进气装置，进气道是发动机的关键核心构件，也是一种复杂异形薄壁钛合金构件，成形难度非常大。以TA15钛合金粉末为原材料，利用热等静压近净成形技术在国际上首次研制成功进气道，实现了整体结构的一次成形，并成功通过飞行考核。从进气道本体取样，测试了不同位置的组织，结果表明：热等静压TA15钛合金不同位置组织均匀性好，主要以板条状或片层状α相为主，在粉末颗粒边界大应变带周围分布着等轴α相，相间分布少量的细小β相。测试了材料各项性能，其平均室温抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率、断面收缩率、500℃抗拉强度、断裂韧性和冲击韧性分别为995MPa、924MPa、18.2%、43%、673MPa、90.6MPa·m1/2和51.4J/cm2 ，各项性能数据均达到了GJB2744A-2007中规定的TA15钛合金锻件的水平，综合性能良好。     

工艺制度对粉末TA15钛合金组织性能的影响

文摘研究不同保温时间和制粉方法对热等静压TA15钛合金的微观组织、拉伸性能和拉伸断口形貌的影响。结果表明:粉末TA15钛合金组织由等轴α-Ti、层状α-Ti和少量β-Ti组成。热等静压保温时间为20min时粉末TA15钛合金已达到致密,随着保温时间延长到120 min组织逐渐均匀长大。采用等离子旋转电极法的粉末TA15钛合金的拉伸性能优于惰性气体雾化粉末TA15钛合金。拉伸断裂模式为韧性断裂,断口微观形貌为韧窝。     

先驱体转化─热压烧结法制备C_f/SiC复合材料

以Y2 O3-Al2 O3和MgO -Al2 O3为烧结助剂体系 ,研究了烧结助剂体系及其含量对Cf/SiC复合材料密度与力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,以Y2 O3-Al2 O3为烧结助剂时 ,复合材料的力学性能优于烧结助剂为MgO -Al2 O3时复合材料的力学性能。当烧结助剂为Y2 O3-Al2 O3时 ,随着烧结助剂含量的增加 ,复合材料力学性能不断提高 ,断裂韧性在烧结助剂含量为 12 %时达到最大值 14.83MPa·m1/ 2 。进一步增加烧结助剂的含量 ,复合材料的抗弯强度虽有提高 ,但断裂韧性急剧降低。烧结助剂含量超过 15%后 ,抗弯强度也急剧降低。结果同时证明 ,复合材料的断裂行为取决于纤维 /基体间的界面结合强度 ,即纤维 /基体间的界面结合情况是决定纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料力学性能的关键因素     

TA15粉末冶金产品热等静压成形工艺过程的数值模拟

针对高品质粉末冶金新产品的研发,为了减少其研发周期、降低试验成本,采用Marc模拟软件,对轴承座产品的热等静压近净成形过程进行了有限元数值模拟。结果表明:经工艺成形后,产品几何外形尺寸变化较大,相对密度整体达到0.98,局部尖端位置相对密度仅为0.85,对此提出了改进包套结构和芯模结构形式、局部增加装粉量等方案,提高局部位置致密度,保证产品整体质量,为产品的实际生产提供了理论指导作用。     

物理启发的深度学习模型及其在热端部件散热中的应用

热端部件散热是众多空天设备的关键技术。表面温度分布是散热设计中用到的重要信息,常规的解析建模手段和机器学习方法均无法有效地表达此类高维信息。近年来兴起的图像深度学习算法是解决表面温度信息预测的有效手段。然而,现有的基于大数据的深度学习方法往往对于物理数据和小样本数据不适用,体现为泛化精度差、数据兼容性差、可解释性差。因此,有必要结合传热的先验知识发展物理启发的新型深度学习算法,以增强高自由度、高复杂度散热对象上的设计能力。本文基于卷积算子和有限差分求解方式的类比关系,提出了一种物理启发式的循环卷积神经网络。以横向出流的冲击冷却为例,开展了变计算域大小、变工况、变尺寸的批量数值模拟,获取了冲击冷却关键特征的小样本图像数据。进一步通过神经网络的训练,构建了多参数、大范围内有较好拟合能力的温度、传热系数、压力代理模型。研究结果表明,本文提出的物理启发神经网络模型,对于计算域大小没有限制,可以统一表达不同空间范围内获取的物理数据的共性规律。模型的各类超参设定均具有明确的物理意义,且与经典的微分方程求解理论有一定的类比关系,增强了神经网络调参的方向性。通过传热物理规律与黑箱模型的融合,本文实现了小样本多参数物理数据的共性建模。该方法可以迅速重构热端部件的高维分布信息,可服务于热端部件的快速分析设计以及优化。     

Effects of swirl and hot streak on thermal performances of a high-pressure turbine

Advanced civil aero-engines tend to adopt lean burn combustors to meet emission requirements. The exit of a lean burn combustor experiences highly non-uniformities in both temperature (Hot Streak, HS) and flow (swirl). This paper presents a numerical investigation on the behaviors of a High-Pressure (HP) turbine under a combined effect of swirl and hot streak. The investigation was conducted on a GE-E3 HP turbine with unsteady numerical simulations, which considered the realistic clocking position of the HP Nozzle Guide Vane (NGV) relative to the combustor. The influences of swirl orientations on the HS migration and thermal performances on the blade surface were examined. Results indicate that, inside the NGV passage, the swirl’s induced incidence angle effect dominates the HS radial migration. The transversal movement of HS follows the cross flow and thus makes itself approach the Suction Side (SS) and keep away from the Pressure Side (PS) as passing through the NGV, so that HS near the SS is more influenced by the incidence angle effect than that near the PS. As for the heat transfer, swirl affects the Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) on the NGV’s PS and SS mainly through the incidence angle effect. Different from the NGV, the inlet swirl and HS have limited effect on the HTC on the rotor blade’s PS, while on the rotor blade’s SS, the original vortex system dominates; therefore, the inlet non-uniformities merely enhance the HTC on the SS rather than alter its distribution characteristics.